Tension entre indicateurs de production et indicateurs de sécurité

Les préoccupations des sociétés relèvent prioritairement des questions de rentabilité. Pour pérenniser leurs activités, la majorité fait le choix de la certification. Cette démarche requiert alors l’usage d’indicateurs. Certaines études ont montré en quoi cette démarche peut parfois faire « oublier » les questions de sécurité.Notre recherche s’est déroulée dans une entreprise basée en Tunisie. Celle-ci a mis en œuvre depuis 2004 un système de management de la qualité qui a débouché sur une certification. La démarche a été initiée pour répondre aux demandes des clients et pour pérenniser l’activité de l’entreprise.Nous montrerons ici en quoi le recours à des indicateurs peut parfois éloigner les questions de sécurité. Ce problème de décalage entre ce qui ressort de l’indicateur concernant l’activité de travail et ce qui se passe réellement dans la situation de travail amène à des prises de décision qui ne permettent pas l’amélioration des conditions de travail.Companies’ chief sources of concern are related to profitability issues. Most decide to obtain certification in order to maintain their operations, and this requires them to use indicators. Some research has shown how this approach can cause safety issues to be "forgotten".Our research took place in a firm based in Tunisia which in 2004 introduced a quality management system that resulted in certification. This was undertaken to comply with customer expectations and to keep the company in business.We will show here how the use of indicators can sometimes cause safety issues to be pushed aside. The problem of a gap between what the indicator shows about the business and what is actually happening in the workplace leads to decisions being taken that do not result in the improvement of working conditions

Condiciones para un desarrollo sustentable de sistemas de trabajo en los países emergentes : el caso de tres empresas en Túnez

Con la globalización y los intercambios, los países llamados emergentes ven a las empresas multiplicarse, así como a la tasa de empleo. Así como la antropotecnología mostrado durante los años 80 y 90 los fracasos de varias transferencias de tecnología de los países del “norte” hacia los países del “sur”, ¿Qué se puede decir hoy en día de dichos movimientos ? ¿Los procesos que acompañan el traslado de empresas y fabricas se asemejan a aquellos de las transferencias de tecnologías o se trata de procesos nuevos ? Estas evoluciones tienen consecuencias directas ya sea en la estructura como en la organización de las empresas a diferentes niveles de desarrollo y que van desde la gestión y administración hasta la ejecución. Por un lado, existe el éxito de lograr un ajuste del mundo financiero, del marketing y de la gestión, según los criterios de los países del primer mundo y, por otro lado, el mundo de la producción y de la ejecución que sigue soportando situaciones de contraste en términos de fiabilidad técnica y organizacional y de las condiciones laborales que se deterioran presentando riesgos importantes para la salud y la seguridad, puestos precarios y pocas oportunidades de desarrollo de las competencias de las personas. Uno de los principales desafíos del desarrollo sustentable es entonces actuar sobre los desequilibrios de ambas esferas que co-existen, y que dividen a la empresa en dos dimensiones distintas y distantes.Durante a globalização da economia e das trocas comerciais, os denominados “países emergentes” assistiram a uma multiplicação das empresas e a um aumento das taxas de empregabilidade. A antropotecnologia demonstrou já os falhanços de muitas transferências de tecnologia de países do “Norte” para países do “Sul”, durante as décadas de 80 e 90 do Sec. XX. O que é feito destes movimentos hoje em dia ? Serão as deslocalizações acompanhadas de novos desafios e processos como esses de transferência de tecnologia ? Essas evoluções tiveram um impacto directo na estrutura e na organização das empresas, produzindo níveis de desenvolvimento diferentes no que respeita ao espectro da gestão quando comparado com os domínios da organização e da execução. O “sucesso” do nivelamento nos mundos financeiro, do marketing e da gestão, de acordo com os critérios em vigor nos países desenvolvidos, contrasta com o mundo da produção e da execução, que continua a conhecer situações fortemente contrastantes em termos de fiabilidade técnica e organizacional e de condições de trabalho deterioradas, comportando riscos importantes para a saúde, a segurança, a precariedade do emprego e o desenvolvimento de competências. Agir sobre os desequilíbrios entre essas duas esferas que coexistem sem trabalharem juntas e que “clivam” a empresa em duas partes distintas e distantes constitui, para nós, um dos maiores desafios para o desenvolvimento durável dos sistemas de trabalho.Avec la globalisation de l’économie et des échanges, les pays dits “ émergents » voient les entreprises se multiplier tout comme le taux d’emploi. Si l’anthropotechnologie avait montré durant les années 80 et 90 les échecs de nombreux transferts de technologie de pays du “ Nord » vers les pays du “ Sud » ; qu’en est-il aujourd’hui de ces mouvements ? Et les délocalisations s’accompagnent-elles des mêmes enjeux et processus que ceux des transferts de technologies ? Ces évolutions ont impacté directement la structure et l’organisation des entreprises avec des niveaux de développement différents de la sphère de la gestion et du management et celles de l’organisation et de l’exécution. D’un coté la “ réussite » de la mise à niveau du monde de la finance, du marketing et de la gestion, selon les critères en vigueur dans les pays développés ; et de l’autre coté, le monde de la production et de l’exécution qui continue à connaître des situations fortement contrastées en terme de fiabilité technique et organisationnelle ainsi que des conditions de travail détériorées avec des risques importants pour la santé, la sécurité, la précarité de l’emploi et le développement des compétences. Agir sur les déséquilibres entre ces deux sphères qui coexistent sans pour autant travailler ensemble, “ clivant » l’entreprise en deux parties distinctes et distantes, constitue pour nous l’un des enjeux majeurs du développement durable des systèmes de travail.During the globalization of economy and of the exchanges, the so-called “emergent” countries see enterprises and job rate increasing. Anthropotechnology studies have shown failures of many technology transfers from countries of the “North” towards countries of the “South” during the 80’s and the 90’s. What is the state of these movements nowadays ? Moreover, do the relocations bring new stakes and processes like these technology transfers ? These evolutions impacted directly on the enterprises’ structure and organization, producing different development levels in what concerns the management scope when compared with the organization and execution domains. The “success” of the upgrade on the finance world, the marketing and the management, according to current criteria in developed countries, contrasts with the world of the production and the execution that keeps facing quite contrasting situations in terms of technical and organizational reliability and precarious working conditions with important risks for health, safety, job precariousness and expertise development. To act on the imbalances between these two spheres that coexist without working together and that “split” the companies in two distinct and distant parts, constitutes therefore one of the major stakes of the sustainable development of work systems

Concert recording 2019-04-17

[Track 1]. Concerto for clarinet and string orchestra / Aaron Copland -- [Track 2]. Dance preludes. I. Allegro molto [Track 3]. II. Andantino [Track 4]. III. Allegro giocoso / Witold Lutoslawski -- [Track 5]. Sonata for clarinet and piano in B♭major. I. Mäβig bewegt [Track 6]. IV. Kleines rondo. Gemächlich / Paul Hindemith -- [Track 7]. Five bagatelles, op. 23. I. Prelude / Gerald Finzi -- [Track 8]. Five bagatelles, op. 23. V. Fughetta / Gerald Finzi -- [Track 9]. Sonata for clarinet in B♭ and piano. I. Allegro tristamente / Francis Poulenc -- [Track 10]. Sonata for clarinet in B♭ and piano. III. Allegro con fuoco / Francis Poulenc -- [Track 11]. Introduction, theme and variations: Theme, var. 1, 2, 3, minor and major / Gioachino Rossini -- [Track 12]. Time pieces. I. Allegro risoluto [Track 13]. II. Andante espressivo / Robert Muczynski -- [Track 14].Sonata for clarinet, op. 120, no. 1. I. Allegro appassionato / Johannes Brahms -- [Track 15]. Wind in the reeds. I. March [Track 16]. II. Humoreske [Track 17]. III. A childhood memory [Track 18]. IV. Ballet russe / Gordon Jacob

Magnetic resonance assessment of pelvic anatomy and pelvic floor disorders after childbirth

To compare pelvic anatomy, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), between women with or without pelvic floor disorders 6-12 months after a first delivery

Effects of antiplatelet therapy on stroke risk by brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases: subgroup analyses of the RESTART randomised, open-label trial

Background Findings from the RESTART trial suggest that starting antiplatelet therapy might reduce the risk of recurrent symptomatic intracerebral haemorrhage compared with avoiding antiplatelet therapy. Brain imaging features of intracerebral haemorrhage and cerebral small vessel diseases (such as cerebral microbleeds) are associated with greater risks of recurrent intracerebral haemorrhage. We did subgroup analyses of the RESTART trial to explore whether these brain imaging features modify the effects of antiplatelet therapy

Evangelical Christianity and Women’s Changing Lives

Women have outnumbered men as followers of Christianity at least since the transition to industrial capitalist modernity in the West. Yet developments in women's lives in relation to employment, family and feminist values are challenging their Christian religiosity. Building on a new strand of gender analysis in the sociology of religion, this article argues that gender is central to patterns of religiosity and secularization in the West. It then offers a case study of evangelical Christianity in England to illustrate how changes in women's lives are affecting their religiosity. Specifically, it argues that evangelical Christianity continues to be important among women occupying more traditional social positions (as wives and mothers), but adherence is declining among the growing number whose lives do not fit this older model

Association between the metabolic syndrome and its components and gait speed among U.S. adults aged 50 years and older: a cross-sectional analysis

BACKGROUND: To examine the relationship between the metabolic syndrome and its components and gait speed among older U.S. men and women. Whether these associations are independent of physical activity was also explored. METHODS: Eight hundred and thirty-five men and 850 women aged ≥50 years from the continuous National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2002 were examined. We used the definition of the metabolic syndrome developed by the U.S. National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Gait speed was measured with a 6.10-meter timed walk examination. RESULTS: The prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was 40.2% in men and 45.6% in women (P = .127). The prevalence of gait speed impairment was 29.3% in men and 12.5% in women (P < .001). No association was found between the metabolic syndrome and gait speed impairment. After including the individual components of the metabolic syndrome in a logistic model adjusted for age and leisure-time physical activity, abdominal obesity, low HDL cholesterol, and high fasting glucose were significantly associated with gait speed impairment among women (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.26 to 0.89; AOR = 2.26, 95% CI = 1.08 to 4.75; and AOR = 2.05, 95% CI = 1.12 to 3.74, respectively). Further adjustment for race/ethnicity, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, arthritis status, and use of an assistive device attenuated these associations; among women, abdominal obesity and low HDL cholesterol remained significantly associated with gait speed impairment (AOR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.18 to 0.76 and AOR = 2.45, 95% CI = 1.07 to 5.63, respectively) while the association between hyperglycemia and impaired gait speed attenuated to nonsignificance. CONCLUSION: Among women, gait speed impairment is associated with low HDL cholesterol and inversely with abdominal obesity. These associations may be sex-dependent and warrant further research